<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> short section of boundary with Botswana is indefinite; quadripoint with Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with South Africa over Walvis Bay and 12 offshore islands has been resolved and these territories were transferred to Namibian sovereignty on 1 March 1994
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 64%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 22%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 13%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 40 sq km (1989 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> very limited natural water resources; desertification
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> NA
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified—Biodiversity, Climate Change